Ortmann v United States of America - [2020] 1 NZLR 475

Administrative law — Judicial review — Whether judicial review available when statutory appeal procedure provided — Whether application for judicial review parallel with appeal abuse of process.

Copyright — Infringement — Whether on-line breaches of copyright criminalised — Whether criminal provisions limited to copies in tangible form — Whether mere general knowledge that breaches occurring sufficient for criminal liability — Whether conduct of websites came within criminal provisions — Whether digital files capable of being possessed — Meaning of “distribution” — Whether safe harbour provisions defences or integral elements of offences — Whether infringements offences under Crimes Act 1961 — Copyright Act 1994 s 131(1).

Criminal practice and procedure — Extradition — Double criminality rule — Whether overridden by terms of extradition treaty — Observation as to transposition — Extradition Act 1999 s 11(2).

Criminal practice and procedure — Extradition — Procedural requirements — Whether separate specific summary of facts required — Extradition Act 1999 ss 18(4), 24(2)(b)(ii).

Practice and procedure — Appeal by case stated — Whether appellate court correct to uphold decision of court below despite errors in case stated.

Property law — Possession — Whether digital files capable of possession — Observation on bailment.

Statutes — Interpretation — “Subject to” — Whether renders one provision subordinate to other — Extradition Act 1999 s 4.